Protective steel doors are widely used in buildings due to their high Resistance against the Impact loads. However, its heavy weight has been always considered as a major drawback for these doors. In this paper, a new optimized stiffened Impact-protective steel door incorporating sandwich panel with aluminum foam core (OSSA) is examined. This door consists of two face sheets, main and secondary stiffeners, and aluminum foam as the inner core. In order to optimize the door, at first the rigidity and weight functions of the stiffened steel door were extracted. Then an optimal door weighing 42% less than the primary door was obtained. Due to the high energy absorption capacity of the combined foam core and stiffened steel door structure, the use of aluminum foam core in the optimized steel door was proposed. By doing numerical analysis, and depending on the thickness of the face sheet of OSSA, 20 to 32% reduction in the maximum displacement was observed. The results also showed that, with 67% increase in the peak overpressure, OSSA has kept almost the same maximum displacement as that of the steel door without an aluminum foam. In other words, by using aluminum foam core in the optimized stiffened door, the door will resist 67% more Impact load.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) generally refers to the quality of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air in an indoor environment. Indoor air pollution could threat people's health and on the other hand has long been recognised as a significant agent of deterioration of cultural heritage collections housed in museums, galleries, archives and library buildings. The most important gases that are sourced outdoor have long been considered to be Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3), Considering valuable objects kept in museums and cultural heritage buildings, and the importance of maintaining them, it is necessary to use a method with the ability to estimate the concentration of indoor pollutants and evaluate their effects on collections. In this research, attempts have been focused to survey the concentration of pollutants in two important museums in Iran, and consequently the data produced by mathematical models are compared with real measured data. Impact model has been developed as a software tool for estimating the damaging levels of air pollutants concentrations inside cultural heritage buildings.

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and Globalization of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the Impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the Impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the Impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.

2Background: Antibiotic Resistance represents a critical global concern within the medical community, posing significant challenges in the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Over the years, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones have been extensively used to treat infections caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we decided to assess the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone Resistance mechanisms among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil hospitals. Methods: We analyzed a total of 200 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, collected between June 2019 and May 2023. The antibiotic Resistance profiles of these strains against various fluoroquinolone antibiotics were determined using the disk diffusion method. Additionally, we investigated the presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, and qnrS genes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Furthermore, we assessed the expression levels of efflux pump genes and outer membrane porin genes using the quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Results: Our findings revealed that 69% of P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The Resistance rates for different fluoroquinolones were as follows: ciprofloxacin 55.5%, ofloxacin 62%, norfloxacin 53.5%, lomefloxacin 55.3%, and levofloxacin 55.5%. Notably, 78.9% of these strains exhibited multidrug Resistance (MDR). Among the qnr genes, qnrB was the most prevalent (2.9%). No other qnr genes were identified. Interestingly, 75% of P. aeruginosa strains carrying the qnrB gene showed overexpression of efflux pump genes, while 100% exhibited down-regulation of the oprD gene. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in Ardabil hospitals and the multifactorial nature of Resistance, continuous monitoring of antibiotic Resistance trends and understanding the underlying Resistance mechanisms are crucial for selecting appropriate treatment strategies.

Resistance is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic society and the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means standing and resisting against something has upset the balance in internal and external dimensions. The formation of this value in the society as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the culture of Resistance (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering process of this value in a society based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what process does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the culture of Resistance in the society? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value and the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam and the need for convergence and coordination between the Resistance front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering process and its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering process of Resistance culture is based on a self-awareness and purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage process that leads to the happiness of man and human society (Conclusion).

Wheat yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. titici, is one of the most important and most destructive diseases of wheat in many parts of Iran, which decreases crop yield in epidemic years. Host Resistance is the most economical method for the management of yellow rust and partial Resistance (a type of quantitative Resistance), proven to be more durable than other types of Resistances. In this study, partial Resistance parameters including coefficient of infection (CI), final disease severity (FDS), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and apparent infection rate (r) were evaluated in a set of twenty-four wheat genotypes along with susceptible control during two crop years from 2015 to 2016. The research was conducted at Allarough Agricultural Research Station in Ardabil, under natural and artificial inoculation conditions. Artificial infection of genotypes was performed using the yellow rust race population having virulence for Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr22, Yr22, Yr23, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, Yr27, Yr26, Yr27, Yr21, Yr21, Yr31, Yr32 and YrSU Resistance genes. Seedling response was also evaluated under field conditions. The evaluation of Resistance parameters showed that six lines were resistant at both seedling and adult plant stages. Eleven lines showed Resistance reaction at seedling stage, but moderate or susceptible reactions at adult plant stage. Seven lines (entries; 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 16, 22) were susceptible at the seedling and had moderate (MR, M or MS) reactions at adult plant stages. Therefore, these lines having low values of different Resistance parameters are likely to have varying degrees of partial Resistance or high temperature adult plant Resistance (a type of non-specific or durable Resistance). Cluster analysis based on the reaction of seedling and adult plant, divided the lines into different groups, which also indicated a high diversity of lines in response to yellow rust disease.

Because the mutant mlo allele causes a non-race specific and broad-spectrum Resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the Mlo gene was taken into consideration in barley. Mlo genes also play important roles in plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The Mlo gene family has been studied in several plant species. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools and searches in genomic databases to reveal the genetic characteristics and protein structure of the Mlo family in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and apple (Malus domestica ). We employed Mlo proteins sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana as a template for tBLASTn, which eventually identified 29 MdMlo (M. domestica Mlo) proteins and 11 TaMlo proteins (T. aestivum Mlo). The comparative phylogenetic analysis classified MdMlo and TaMlo proteins into three main clades and showed that, regardless of plant species, Mlo1s (the first member of the Mlo protein family in wheat, apple and Arabidopsis), Mlo2s, Mlo3s, and so on up to Mlo12s, are closely related. This indicates that after the separation of these species, no further expansion has been occurred in the Mlo gene family. The functionally conserved motifs present in the Mlo proteins were investigated using MEME tool, which showed a maximum of 15 and minimum 10 conserved motifs. The genes TaMlo6, MdMlo8, MdMlo11, TaMlo2, and TaMlo1 are predicted to participate in powdery mildew Resistance because of having E/D-F-S-F motif. Analysis of gene organization, protein properties, and conserved domains revealed that the M. domestica and T. aestivum Mlo gene paralogs are more divergent from each other than from their orthologous pairs.

To achieve favorable outcomes in breeding programs, selection of parents based on General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) is so important. In order to study the genetic parameters, general and specific combining abilities and the type of disease Resistance genes action against take-all disease in bread wheat, 6 wheat genotypes (729, 1622, 2109, 1528, 1546 and 1526) were crossed in one-way diallel cross. Seeds of F1 generations (F1s) and parents were planted in the research greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran and take-all disease tolerance, stem and root dry weights, tiller number and elements such as manganese (Mn), zink (Zn), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) concentrations in plant tissue were measured. The results of Griffing analysis showed that general and specific combining abilities were significant for all traits except tiller number and K element. In terms of Take-all disease Resistance, the best general combiners were 1622 and 729 genotypes, respectively. The best resistant hybrids were 2109×1546, 546×1528 and 1622×1526 that had the highest specific combining ability. Evaluation of genetic parameters by Hayman method for disease index and disease score confirmed the results of Griffing analysis and showed that the dominance and over dominance of gene actions had the greatest importance in genetic control of the Resistance to take-all disease (T-41 isolation). Finally, due to low narrow sense heritability and low genetic ratio in Resistance to take-all disease, it can be concluded that selection for Resistance to take-all disease does not respond well in early generations, so selection after purity, that done by bulk, single-seed descent and double haploid methods can be effective in wheat breeding.